harris



dntrll etnica @wat 'dtiltlita Letters vPatent No. 91,842, dated June 29, 1869.

IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MAKING PAPER.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

Be it known that I, RICHARD C. HAnnis, of Harrisville, in the county of Burlington, and State of' N ew Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Making Paper; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the 'annexed drawings, making part of this specification, in whichl `igure 1 is a section ofthe improved machine;

Figure 2., a longitudinal section of the apparatus, without my improvements;

Figure 3, a plan, showing the two forming-cylinders and the improved agitator-s; and

Figure 4, afront view of the improved carrier-roll, pressure-roll and gutter, showing also the tub M and coucher-arms n in section.

The invention relates to that apparatus known as the double-cylimler machine and in order to convey a correct idea ot' what is admitted as old, and 'what is claimed as new, there are shown two views of the machine, of which iig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the improved apparatus, andtig. 2, a representation of the machine before the improvements were made.

The periphery ofthe cylinders b and 7) is made of wire cloth, as usual, and the air and water being constantly exhausted from their interior, a sheet oi' libres attaches itselt to the wire cloth, and is carried, by the sil'owrevolution ot' l) and D', figs. 1 andV 2, underneath the pressure-cylinders, or couchers a and a', gs. 1

Inf-.the old style oi' the apparatus, iig. 2, only the ycoircl'ier a' is placed at a considerable distance toward the lleft from the vertical line c d, so that the water, which is expressed from the partially-formed sheet x', will ruri'jfdown on the left side'of b', and not qu the light, where x ascends, the roller c, at the saine time,A

keeping the felt apron f from having too much contact with the cylinder b. 1 vways been placed perpendicularly above b, causing the,

water thereby'to run down on the right side of b,

`,against and through the partially-thrilled sheet x, in consequence of which water-marks and other imperfections occur in the paper.

lt has been attempted to obviate this diiiculty, by applying a splash-board, g, fig. 2, intended to lead oli` the water at the sides of the machine, but it was abandoned ouaccouut of the wear and tear of the apron and wire-cloth, occasioned by the friction against The improvement consists in an arrangement which' lenables me to elevate thesheet x and apron f, before they enter between the cylinder b and coucher a, fig. l, so that the coucheracan be moved toward the left, similar to a. Y

A solid roller, like e, cannot be used, because the felt apron f, permitting the air to pass through its body to a certain extent, would allow the sheet x to adhere to a solid roller, on account of the atmospheric pressure having more effect upon the solid surface of the latter. Hence, it is necessary to provide a roller, E, fig. l, whose periphery will permit the passage of air through it, somewhat more freely than the apron f, and I have found wire cloth of the proper llneness to be a very suitable article for this purpose; but felt of less density than that otf the apron f, or a similar material, may be used.

By the tension of the sheet x' and apron f upon the roller E, and by the pressure of the small solid roller F, iigs. 1 and 4, some water is forced out ofthe sheet ft', which is carried oti to the side of the machine by the gutter G, underneath the roller E.

The gutter is provided with spouts G' on each end, as shown in fig. 4, from which the water may be led off to anydesired place.

Another great advantage oi' placing the coucher a, g. l, in the same relative position as a.' is, that a certain pressure, (the weight oi` the parts for example,) forcing the coucher in the perpendicular direction of the arrow l, will produce more eiiect in uniting the two sheets :c and between a and b, than the same pressure' would, it' applied and acting in a line joining the centres of a and-b, as in fig. 2.

The agitators o o, when placed horizontally, as in tlg. 2, cause dirt, sand, and other foreign substances, to rise in the pulp, thereby injuring the quality ofthe paper, and as their motion is in the same plane as that of the paper, their tendency is to arrange the bres oi' the latter longitudinally, causing the paper to be weakerin that direction than it is transversely.

The improved agitator-s p p, figs. 1 and 3, consist of prongs w w, fastened in the arms of the spiders u, which are fastened to the vertical shafts lv.

These shafts run in bearings s s, and are driven by spur-wheels t, or other suitable means.

The plane ot' motion of these agitators being at or nearly at right angles to that of the motion of the paper, the libres are properly iuterlocked, producing a paper equally strong in all directions, and as there are no upward currents produced, all that foreign matter, which is ot` greater specific gravity than the pulp, remains at the bottom of the tub.

An y suitable number oi'agitators may be placed in the tub n, as shown in iig. 3,- wliere the dotted lines t t t represent the pitch-.circles ofthe spur-wheels t, which gear into each other and run in the direction of the arrows, tig. 3; but I do not coniine myself to any particular way of giving mot-ion to the agitator-s, as that may he varied to suit circumstances.

The mechanical appliances for thatI purpose are too4 well known to need any description.

One of these couti'ivances, however, is shown in plan, Iig. 3, where mitre-wheels t are used, gearing any of the parts, in ig. 2; nor do apart from paper- 1. The arrangement of the roller E with the couchnew er a, fig. 1, when the periphery of the roller E isn made of wire cloth or its equivalent, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. The combination of the roller E, roller F, gut;- ter G, and sponts G G', with the apron j, and concher a, substantiallyas and for' the purpose specilied. 3. The combination of the vertical agitators p p,

wit-l1 a double-cylinder machine, lig. 1, substantially as and for the purpose set forth in this specification.

RICHARD C. HARRIS.

Witnesses C. O. KLEIN, CHAs. E. PANCOAST 

